net: TCP sockets in the kernel - a Game Boy fetches HTTP over real TCP

Kernel TCP client on the socket layer: net_connect(SOCK_TCP) runs the 3-way
handshake in-kernel, send()/recv() drive the byte stream, close() does the FIN.

- Socket gains state + 32-bit snd_nxt/rcv_nxt (big-endian, add-with-carry-fold).
- tcp_send_seg builds IP+TCP with a pseudo-header checksum; the SYN carries an
  MSS option (200) so the peer never sends a segment larger than our 256-byte
  frame buffer (we don't do IP reassembly).
- tcp_in state machine: SYN_SENT->ESTABLISHED on SYN-ACK, buffers in-order data
  and ACKs it, handles FIN -> recv() returns 0 (EOF).
- No retransmission: the GB<->host link is lossless and the host's real TCP
  owns the internet side - which removes TCP's hardest part.
- net_pump now processes one frame per call so recv drains each segment before
  the next arrives (single rx slot, no overwrite).

wget.c is now a thin socket client: connect -> send "GET / HTTP/1.0" -> recv to
EOF -> print. Verified end to end against a host HTTP server:

    /# wget 10.0.0.1
    HTTP/1.0 200 OK
    Hello from a real HTTP server, fetched by a Game Boy!

with a clean SYN/SYN-ACK/ACK ... PSH ... FIN/ACK trace on the wire.

1 files changed, 678 insertions, 8 deletions

diff --git a/src/socket.asm b/src/socket.asm
index ef9d4b9..9ce1daa 100644
--- a/src/socket.asm
+++ b/src/socket.asm
@@ -21,8 +21,25 @@ DEF SK_HASRX   EQU 9     ; 1  rxbuf holds a datagram
 DEF SK_RXLEN   EQU 10    ; 1  payload length
 DEF SK_SRCIP   EQU 11    ; 4  sender IP
 DEF SK_SRCPORT EQU 15    ; 2  sender port
-DEF SK_RXBUF   EQU 17    ; 96 payload
-DEF SK_SIZE    EQU 113
+DEF SK_RXBUF   EQU 17    ; 208 payload (>= one max segment at MSS 200)
+DEF SK_STATE   EQU 225   ; 1  TCP state (see TCP_* below)
+DEF SK_SND     EQU 226   ; 4  snd_nxt (our next sequence number)
+DEF SK_RCV     EQU 230   ; 4  rcv_nxt (next sequence we expect from peer)
+DEF SK_SIZE    EQU 234
+DEF TCP_MSS    EQU 200
+
+; TCP connection states
+DEF TCP_CLOSED  EQU 0
+DEF TCP_SYNSENT EQU 1
+DEF TCP_ESTAB   EQU 2
+DEF TCP_FINWAIT EQU 3
+DEF TCP_DONE    EQU 4
+; TCP flags
+DEF TF_FIN EQU $01
+DEF TF_SYN EQU $02
+DEF TF_RST EQU $04
+DEF TF_PSH EQU $08
+DEF TF_ACK EQU $10
 
 SECTION "net_bss", WRAM0
 wSockTab::     DS MAX_SOCKS * SK_SIZE
@@ -37,6 +54,12 @@ wNetRxLen::    DS 1
 wNetRxEsc::    DS 1
 wNetUdpPort::  DS 2      ; scratch: UDP dst port being demuxed
 wNetTO::       DS 3      ; recv timeout counter (net_pump clobbers registers)
+wNetTcpFlags:: DS 1      ; TCP flags for the segment being built
+wNetTcpDlen::  DS 1      ; TCP payload length for the segment being built
+wNetTcpIn::    DS 1      ; incoming TCP flags
+wNetTcpDoff::  DS 1      ; incoming data offset (from frame start)
+wNetTcpDlen2:: DS 1      ; incoming payload length
+wNetTcpTh::    DS 1      ; TCP header length of the segment being built (20/24)
 
 SECTION "socket", ROM0
 
@@ -261,11 +284,15 @@ net_op_socket:
     ld a, c                     ; return sockid
     ret
 
-; ---- connect(sock, ip, port) - set remote --------------------------------
+; ---- connect(sock, ip, port) - set remote (+ TCP handshake) ---------------
 net_op_connect:
     ld a, [wNetReq + NR_SOCK]
     call net_sock_ptr           ; HL = &sock
     ld a, l
+    ld [wNetSockPtr], a
+    ld a, h
+    ld [wNetSockPtr+1], a
+    ld a, l
     add SK_RIP
     ld l, a
     ld a, h
@@ -279,6 +306,10 @@ net_op_connect:
     inc de
     dec b
     jr nz, .cp
+    call sock_ptr_hl
+    ld a, [hl]                  ; SK_TYPE
+    cp SOCK_TCP
+    jp z, tcp_connect
     xor a
     ret
 
@@ -286,6 +317,14 @@ net_op_connect:
 net_op_close:
     ld a, [wNetReq + NR_SOCK]
     call net_sock_ptr
+    ld a, l
+    ld [wNetSockPtr], a
+    ld a, h
+    ld [wNetSockPtr+1], a
+    ld a, [hl]                  ; SK_TYPE
+    cp SOCK_TCP
+    jp z, tcp_close
+    call sock_ptr_hl
     xor a
     ld [hl], a                  ; SK_TYPE = free
     ret
@@ -309,6 +348,8 @@ net_op_send:
     jp z, icmp_send
     cp SOCK_UDP
     jp z, udp_send
+    cp SOCK_TCP
+    jp z, tcp_data_send
     ld a, $FF
     ret
 
@@ -326,8 +367,24 @@ net_op_recv:
     ld [wNetTO+2], a
 .wait
     call net_pump
+    ld a, [wNetReq+NR_SOCK]     ; tcp_in may have moved wNetSockPtr; restore ours
+    call net_sock_ptr
+    ld a, l
+    ld [wNetSockPtr], a
+    ld a, h
+    ld [wNetSockPtr+1], a
     call sock_has_rx            ; nz if a datagram is buffered
     jr nz, .got
+    call sock_ptr_hl            ; TCP peer closed + no data -> EOF (return 0)
+    ld a, l
+    add SK_STATE
+    ld l, a
+    ld a, h
+    adc 0
+    ld h, a
+    ld a, [hl]
+    cp TCP_DONE
+    jr z, .eof
     ld hl, wNetTO
     inc [hl]
     jr nz, .wait                ; low byte didn't wrap -> spin (no yield)
@@ -342,6 +399,9 @@ net_op_recv:
     jr c, .wait
     ld a, $FF
     ret
+.eof
+    xor a                       ; connection closed, no data -> 0 bytes (EOF)
+    ret
 .got
     ; copy sock.RXBUF -> process NR_BUF, len = sock.RXLEN, NR_IP = sock.SRCIP
     call sock_ptr_hl            ; HL = &sock
@@ -730,18 +790,17 @@ net_pump:
     ld [wNetRxLen], a
     jr .next
 .frame
-    ; END: if we have a frame, process it
+    ; END: if we have a frame, process it and return (one frame per pump, so a
+    ; recv drains each segment before the next is delivered - no rx overwrite).
     xor a
     ld [wNetRxEsc], a
     ld a, [wNetRxLen]
     or a
-    jr z, .next                 ; empty frame
-    push bc
+    jr z, .next                 ; empty frame, keep reading
     call process_frame
-    pop bc
     xor a
     ld [wNetRxLen], a
-    jr .next
+    ret
 
 ; -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 ; process_frame - IPv4 demux of the frame in wNetRxBuf (wNetRxLen bytes).
@@ -760,6 +819,8 @@ process_frame:
     jp z, icmp_in
     cp 17
     jp z, udp_in
+    cp 6
+    jp z, tcp_in
     ret
 
 ; -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1052,3 +1113,612 @@ net_swap_ip:
     dec b
     jr nz, .l
     ret
+
+; =============================================================================
+; TCP - a minimal client: 3-way handshake, in-order data, FIN close. No
+; retransmission (the GB<->host link is lossless; the host's real TCP handles
+; the internet side). One rx segment buffered per socket at a time.
+; =============================================================================
+
+; sk_field_to(A = socket field offset, DE = dest, B = count) - copy from socket
+sk_field_to:
+    push bc
+    push de
+    ld c, a
+    call sock_ptr_hl
+    ld a, l
+    add c
+    ld l, a
+    ld a, h
+    adc 0
+    ld h, a
+    pop de
+    pop bc
+.l
+    ld a, [hl+]
+    ld [de], a
+    inc de
+    dec b
+    jr nz, .l
+    ret
+
+; sk_add_snd/sk_add_rcv(A = amount) - add to the 32-bit big-endian seq field
+sk_add_snd:
+    ld c, SK_SND
+    jr sk_add_seq
+sk_add_rcv:
+    ld c, SK_RCV
+sk_add_seq:
+    ld b, a
+    call sock_ptr_hl
+    ld a, l
+    add c
+    ld l, a
+    ld a, h
+    adc 0
+    ld h, a
+    ld a, l
+    add 3
+    ld l, a
+    ld a, h
+    adc 0
+    ld h, a                     ; HL = &field[3] (LSB)
+    ld a, [hl]
+    add b
+    ld [hl], a
+    ret nc
+    dec hl
+    inc [hl]
+    ret nz
+    dec hl
+    inc [hl]
+    ret nz
+    dec hl
+    inc [hl]
+    ret
+
+; sk_set_rcv_from_seq(A = addend) - rcv_nxt = their_seq(from packet) + addend
+sk_set_rcv_from_seq:
+    push af
+    ld a, [wNetIhl]
+    add 4
+    ld e, a
+    ld d, 0
+    ld hl, wNetRxBuf
+    add hl, de                  ; HL = &their_seq
+    push hl
+    call sock_ptr_hl
+    ld a, l
+    add SK_RCV
+    ld l, a
+    ld a, h
+    adc 0
+    ld h, a
+    ld d, h
+    ld e, l                     ; DE = &SK_RCV
+    pop hl                      ; HL = &their_seq
+    ld a, [hl+]
+    ld [de], a
+    inc de
+    ld a, [hl+]
+    ld [de], a
+    inc de
+    ld a, [hl+]
+    ld [de], a
+    inc de
+    ld a, [hl]
+    ld [de], a
+    pop af
+    call sk_add_rcv
+    ret
+
+; net_find_tcp -> HL = &TCP socket bound to wNetUdpPort, CF set if none
+net_find_tcp:
+    ld c, 0
+.l
+    ld a, c
+    call net_sock_ptr
+    ld a, [hl]
+    cp SOCK_TCP
+    jr nz, .nx
+    push hl
+    ld a, l
+    add SK_LPORT
+    ld l, a
+    ld a, h
+    adc 0
+    ld h, a
+    ld a, [wNetUdpPort]
+    cp [hl]
+    jr nz, .nomatch
+    inc hl
+    ld a, [wNetUdpPort+1]
+    cp [hl]
+    jr nz, .nomatch
+    pop hl
+    or a
+    ret
+.nomatch
+    pop hl
+.nx
+    inc c
+    ld a, c
+    cp MAX_SOCKS
+    jr c, .l
+    scf
+    ret
+
+; tcp_send_seg - build+send a segment from the current socket. wNetTcpFlags =
+; flags, wNetTcpDlen = payload length (payload read from wNetReq.NR_BUF). A SYN
+; also carries an MSS option so the peer never sends us an oversized segment.
+tcp_send_seg:
+    ld a, [wNetTcpFlags]
+    and TF_SYN
+    ld a, 20
+    jr z, .th
+    ld a, 24
+.th
+    ld [wNetTcpTh], a
+    ld a, $45
+    ld [wNetTx+0], a
+    xor a
+    ld [wNetTx+1], a
+    ld [wNetTx+2], a
+    ld a, [wNetTcpTh]
+    add 20
+    ld b, a
+    ld a, [wNetTcpDlen]
+    add b
+    ld [wNetTx+3], a            ; total = 20 + thlen + dlen
+    xor a
+    ld [wNetTx+4], a
+    ld [wNetTx+5], a
+    ld [wNetTx+6], a
+    ld [wNetTx+7], a
+    ld a, 64
+    ld [wNetTx+8], a
+    ld a, 6
+    ld [wNetTx+9], a
+    xor a
+    ld [wNetTx+10], a
+    ld [wNetTx+11], a
+    ld a, [wNetOurIP+0]
+    ld [wNetTx+12], a
+    ld a, [wNetOurIP+1]
+    ld [wNetTx+13], a
+    ld a, [wNetOurIP+2]
+    ld [wNetTx+14], a
+    ld a, [wNetOurIP+3]
+    ld [wNetTx+15], a
+    ld a, SK_RIP
+    ld de, wNetTx+16
+    ld b, 4
+    call sk_field_to
+    ld a, SK_LPORT
+    ld de, wNetTx+20
+    ld b, 2
+    call sk_field_to
+    ld a, SK_RPORT
+    ld de, wNetTx+22
+    ld b, 2
+    call sk_field_to
+    ld a, SK_SND
+    ld de, wNetTx+24
+    ld b, 4
+    call sk_field_to
+    ld a, SK_RCV
+    ld de, wNetTx+28
+    ld b, 4
+    call sk_field_to
+    ld a, [wNetTcpTh]
+    cp 24
+    ld a, $50
+    jr nz, .doff
+    ld a, $60
+.doff
+    ld [wNetTx+32], a
+    ld a, [wNetTcpFlags]
+    ld [wNetTx+33], a
+    ld a, 2
+    ld [wNetTx+34], a           ; window = 512
+    xor a
+    ld [wNetTx+35], a
+    ld [wNetTx+36], a
+    ld [wNetTx+37], a
+    ld [wNetTx+38], a
+    ld [wNetTx+39], a
+    ld a, [wNetTcpTh]
+    cp 24
+    jr nz, .nomss
+    ld a, 2
+    ld [wNetTx+40], a           ; MSS option kind
+    ld a, 4
+    ld [wNetTx+41], a           ; length
+    xor a
+    ld [wNetTx+42], a
+    ld a, TCP_MSS
+    ld [wNetTx+43], a
+.nomss
+    ld a, [wNetTcpDlen]
+    or a
+    jr z, .nodata
+    ld a, [wNetTcpTh]
+    add 20
+    ld e, a
+    ld d, 0
+    ld hl, wNetTx
+    add hl, de
+    ld d, h
+    ld e, l                     ; DE = payload dest
+    ld a, [wNetReq+NR_BUF]
+    ld l, a
+    ld a, [wNetReq+NR_BUF+1]
+    ld h, a
+    ld a, [wNetTcpDlen]
+    ld b, a
+.cpd
+    ld a, [hl+]
+    ld [de], a
+    inc de
+    dec b
+    jr nz, .cpd
+.nodata
+    ld hl, wNetTx+12            ; TCP checksum: pseudo-header + segment
+    ld b, 8
+    ld de, 0
+    call net_sum
+    ld a, e
+    add 6
+    ld e, a
+    ld a, d
+    adc 0
+    ld d, a
+    ld a, [wNetTcpTh]
+    ld b, a
+    ld a, [wNetTcpDlen]
+    add b                       ; tcplen = thlen + dlen
+    add e
+    ld e, a
+    ld a, d
+    adc 0
+    ld d, a
+    ld a, [wNetTcpTh]
+    ld b, a
+    ld a, [wNetTcpDlen]
+    add b
+    ld b, a                     ; B = tcplen
+    ld hl, wNetTx+20
+    call net_cksum
+    ld a, h
+    ld [wNetTx+36], a
+    ld a, l
+    ld [wNetTx+37], a
+    ld hl, wNetTx
+    ld b, 20
+    ld de, 0
+    call net_cksum
+    ld a, h
+    ld [wNetTx+10], a
+    ld a, l
+    ld [wNetTx+11], a
+    ld a, [wNetTcpTh]
+    add 20
+    ld b, a
+    ld a, [wNetTcpDlen]
+    add b
+    ld b, a
+    ld hl, wNetTx
+    call net_slip_send
+    ret
+
+; sock_state_set(A = state) - store SK_STATE for the current socket
+sock_state_set:
+    ld b, a
+    call sock_ptr_hl
+    ld a, l
+    add SK_STATE
+    ld l, a
+    ld a, h
+    adc 0
+    ld h, a
+    ld a, b
+    ld [hl], a
+    ret
+
+; tcp_connect - handshake for the current socket (SYN -> SYN-ACK -> ACK)
+tcp_connect:
+    call sock_ptr_hl            ; SK_SND = 1000
+    ld a, l
+    add SK_SND
+    ld l, a
+    ld a, h
+    adc 0
+    ld h, a
+    xor a
+    ld [hl+], a
+    ld [hl+], a
+    ld a, 3
+    ld [hl+], a
+    ld a, $E8
+    ld [hl], a
+    call sock_ptr_hl            ; SK_RCV = 0
+    ld a, l
+    add SK_RCV
+    ld l, a
+    ld a, h
+    adc 0
+    ld h, a
+    xor a
+    ld [hl+], a
+    ld [hl+], a
+    ld [hl+], a
+    ld [hl], a
+    call sock_ptr_hl            ; HASRX = 0
+    ld a, l
+    add SK_HASRX
+    ld l, a
+    ld a, h
+    adc 0
+    ld h, a
+    xor a
+    ld [hl], a
+    ld a, TCP_SYNSENT
+    call sock_state_set
+    ld a, TF_SYN               ; send SYN (with MSS)
+    ld [wNetTcpFlags], a
+    xor a
+    ld [wNetTcpDlen], a
+    call tcp_send_seg
+    ld a, 1
+    call sk_add_snd
+    xor a                      ; wait for ESTABLISHED
+    ld [wNetTO], a
+    ld [wNetTO+1], a
+    ld [wNetTO+2], a
+.wait
+    call net_pump
+    ld a, [wNetReq+NR_SOCK]
+    call net_sock_ptr
+    ld a, l
+    ld [wNetSockPtr], a
+    ld a, h
+    ld [wNetSockPtr+1], a
+    call sock_ptr_hl
+    ld a, l
+    add SK_STATE
+    ld l, a
+    ld a, h
+    adc 0
+    ld h, a
+    ld a, [hl]
+    cp TCP_ESTAB
+    jr z, .ok
+    ld hl, wNetTO
+    inc [hl]
+    jr nz, .wait
+    call SchedYield
+    inc hl
+    inc [hl]
+    jr nz, .wait
+    inc hl
+    inc [hl]
+    ld a, [hl]
+    cp 250
+    jr c, .wait
+    ld a, $FF
+    ret
+.ok
+    xor a
+    ret
+
+; tcp_data_send - net_send for a TCP socket (PSH|ACK + advance snd_nxt)
+tcp_data_send:
+    ld a, TF_PSH | TF_ACK
+    ld [wNetTcpFlags], a
+    ld a, [wNetReq+NR_LEN]
+    ld [wNetTcpDlen], a
+    call tcp_send_seg
+    ld a, [wNetReq+NR_LEN]
+    call sk_add_snd
+    xor a
+    ret
+
+; tcp_close - net_close for a TCP socket (FIN, brief settle, free)
+tcp_close:
+    call sock_ptr_hl
+    ld a, l
+    add SK_STATE
+    ld l, a
+    ld a, h
+    adc 0
+    ld h, a
+    ld a, [hl]
+    cp TCP_ESTAB
+    jr nz, .free                ; only FIN if we were established
+    ld a, TF_FIN | TF_ACK
+    ld [wNetTcpFlags], a
+    xor a
+    ld [wNetTcpDlen], a
+    call tcp_send_seg
+    ld a, 1
+    call sk_add_snd
+    ld a, TCP_FINWAIT
+    call sock_state_set
+    ld b, 8                     ; brief settle: pump for the peer's FIN/ACK
+.settle
+    ld de, 8000
+.s2
+    call net_pump
+    dec de
+    ld a, d
+    or e
+    jr nz, .s2
+    dec b
+    jr nz, .settle
+.free
+    call sock_ptr_hl
+    xor a
+    ld [hl], a                  ; SK_TYPE = free
+    ret
+
+; tcp_buffer_data - store the current segment's payload into the socket rx slot
+tcp_buffer_data:
+    call sock_ptr_hl
+    ld a, l
+    add SK_HASRX
+    ld l, a
+    ld a, h
+    adc 0
+    ld h, a
+    ld a, 1
+    ld [hl], a
+    ld a, [wNetTcpDlen2]
+    cp 209
+    jr c, .oklen
+    ld a, 208
+.oklen
+    ld c, a
+    call sock_ptr_hl
+    ld a, l
+    add SK_RXLEN
+    ld l, a
+    ld a, h
+    adc 0
+    ld h, a
+    ld a, c
+    ld [hl], a
+    call sock_ptr_hl
+    ld a, l
+    add SK_RXBUF
+    ld l, a
+    ld a, h
+    adc 0
+    ld h, a
+    ld d, h
+    ld e, l                     ; DE = dest
+    ld a, [wNetTcpDoff]
+    ld l, a
+    ld h, 0
+    ld bc, wNetRxBuf
+    add hl, bc                  ; HL = src
+    ld a, c
+    ; (C from wNetRxBuf low byte is irrelevant; use fresh length)
+    ld a, [wNetTcpDlen2]
+    cp 209
+    jr c, .cplen
+    ld a, 208
+.cplen
+    ld c, a
+    or a
+    ret z
+.cp
+    ld a, [hl+]
+    ld [de], a
+    inc de
+    dec c
+    jr nz, .cp
+    ret
+
+; tcp_in - the receive state machine for the matching TCP socket
+tcp_in:
+    ld a, [wNetIhl]
+    add 2
+    ld e, a
+    ld d, 0
+    ld hl, wNetRxBuf
+    add hl, de
+    ld a, [hl+]
+    ld [wNetUdpPort], a
+    ld a, [hl]
+    ld [wNetUdpPort+1], a
+    call net_find_tcp
+    ret c
+    ld a, l
+    ld [wNetSockPtr], a
+    ld a, h
+    ld [wNetSockPtr+1], a
+    ld a, [wNetIhl]             ; incoming flags
+    add 13
+    ld e, a
+    ld d, 0
+    ld hl, wNetRxBuf
+    add hl, de
+    ld a, [hl]
+    ld [wNetTcpIn], a
+    call sock_ptr_hl           ; current state
+    ld a, l
+    add SK_STATE
+    ld l, a
+    ld a, h
+    adc 0
+    ld h, a
+    ld a, [hl]
+    cp TCP_SYNSENT
+    jr z, .synsent
+    cp TCP_ESTAB
+    jp z, .estab
+    cp TCP_FINWAIT
+    jp z, .estab                ; still ACK data/FIN while closing
+    ret
+.synsent
+    ld a, [wNetTcpIn]
+    and TF_SYN
+    ret z
+    ld a, 1                     ; rcv_nxt = their_seq + 1
+    call sk_set_rcv_from_seq
+    ld a, TF_ACK
+    ld [wNetTcpFlags], a
+    xor a
+    ld [wNetTcpDlen], a
+    call tcp_send_seg
+    ld a, TCP_ESTAB
+    call sock_state_set
+    ret
+.estab
+    ; data offset (frame-relative) = ihl + (tcp[12]>>4)*4
+    ld a, [wNetIhl]
+    add 12
+    ld e, a
+    ld d, 0
+    ld hl, wNetRxBuf
+    add hl, de
+    ld a, [hl]
+    and $F0
+    swap a
+    add a, a
+    add a, a                    ; tcphdrlen
+    ld c, a
+    ld a, [wNetIhl]
+    add c
+    ld [wNetTcpDoff], a
+    ld a, [wNetRxLen]           ; datalen = rxlen - dataoff
+    ld b, a
+    ld a, [wNetTcpDoff]
+    ld c, a
+    ld a, b
+    sub c
+    ld [wNetTcpDlen2], a
+    or a
+    jr z, .checkfin
+    call tcp_buffer_data
+    ld a, [wNetTcpDlen2]
+    call sk_add_rcv
+    ld a, TF_ACK
+    ld [wNetTcpFlags], a
+    xor a
+    ld [wNetTcpDlen], a
+    call tcp_send_seg
+.checkfin
+    ld a, [wNetTcpIn]
+    and TF_FIN
+    ret z
+    ld a, 1
+    call sk_add_rcv
+    ld a, TF_ACK
+    ld [wNetTcpFlags], a
+    xor a
+    ld [wNetTcpDlen], a
+    call tcp_send_seg
+    ld a, TCP_DONE
+    call sock_state_set
+    ret