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The commands only existed in the kernel's program table, so the only way to
find out what the machine could do was to already know (or read the source).
They are now a directory in the tree:
/# ls / /# xxd -l 16 /bin/uname
bin 0000: cd 6b 43 06 00 0e 00 f7 .kC.....
readme 0008: 18 fe 47 0e 03 f7 c9 21 ..G....!
/# ls -l /bin | head -2
- 1 16384 worker
/bin is synthetic, not disk: dir_find resolves "bin" in the root to BIN_INO
and names inside it through the NameTable, so `ls /bin` lists exactly what the
shell can run - one table, one truth, no second list to keep in sync. The root
listing carries "bin" as a synthetic first entry so it is discoverable by
walking the tree.
A program image is inode BIN_FILE|progid: it stats as a 16 KiB file (a program
IS its ROM bank) and reads through rom_getb, which maps that bank, takes the
byte, and maps the CALLER'S text bank back before returning - the caller is
itself executing from $4000, so leaving the wrong bank mapped would return
into another program's code. Verified byte-for-byte against the host's view of
the blob. The tree is read-only: create/remove/write inside /bin all fail.
xxd grows -l (stop after N bytes), because a program image is 2048 dump lines
- more than a pipe's temp file can hold, let alone the screen.
Two traps worth remembering, both found the hard way here: `and BIN_FILE`
destroys A, so the inode must be reloaded before inode_ptr (missing it once
made ls -l stat inode 0 and call every file an empty non-directory); and ls
now copies its directory argument to the stack first, because stat()'s request
block is a static living at $A000 - on top of the command line it was reading.
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Eight bytes per line rather than the usual sixteen: offset + 8 hex pairs +
the ASCII column is 38 of the terminal's 40 columns, where 16 would wrap
every line and make the dump unreadable. -c overrides it.
No -s (skip): there is no seek syscall, so it streams from the start - the
same reason tail(1) has to keep a ring.
/# xxd h
0000: 48 65 6c 6c 6f 20 67 62 Hello gb
0008: 6f 73 0d 0a os..
blk(1) could already peek at raw disk blocks; nothing could look inside a
file. Verified against known bytes, from stdin, with -c, through a pipe, and
on a missing file.
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